Author Archives: Felix

Quaternions, $\mathbb{H}$ are a number system like real or complex numbers but with 4 dimensions. In particular, $\mathbb{H}$ is nothing but $\mathbb{R}^4$ together with a multiplication law. The identification of $\mathbb{H}$ and $\mathbb{R}^4$ is given by: $$ \mathbb{H} = \lbrace … Continue reading →

Stereographic projection \[\sigma: \mathbb{R}^n \to S^n \setminus \{\mathbf{n}\}\] where \[\mathbf{n}=(0,\ldots,0,1)\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\] is the northpole of $S^n$ is a special case of an inversion: Let us consider the hypersphere $S\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ with center $\mathbf{n}$ and radius $r=\sqrt{2}$ and look at the image of \[\mathbb{R}^n =\left\{\mathbf{x}\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\,{\large … Continue reading →

Let $M\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a domain. A smooth map $f:M \to \mathbb{R}^n$ is called conformal if there is a smooth function $\phi:M\to \mathbb{R}$ and a smooth map $A$ from $M$ into the group $O(n)$ of orthogonal $n\times n$-matrices such that … Continue reading →

If $M\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ is a plane domain and the image of parametrized surface $f:M\to \mathbb{R}^3$ is contained in \[\mathbb{R}^2=\{(x,y,z)\in \mathbb{R}^3\,\,|\,\, z=0\}\] then the defining equations of a conformal map \begin{align*}\left|f_u\right|&=\left|f_v\right| \\\\ \langle f_u,f_v\rangle &=0\end{align*} imply that $\left|f_v\right|$ arises from $\left|f_v\right|$ by … Continue reading →

In the context of surfaces the strict analog of arclength parametrized curves is an isometric immersion \[f: M\to \mathbb{R}^3\] of a standard surface into $\mathbb{R}^3$. Here “isometric” means that lengths of curves and intersection angles of curves on the surface … Continue reading →

The halfedge description $M=(E,s,\rho)$ of an oriented surface contains all the information. It is nevertheless convenient to introduce some more derived stucture. For an edge $e\in E$ we define $\textrm{left}(e)=$ the face (cycle of $s$) containing $e$ $\textrm{right}(e)=$ the face … Continue reading →

We claim that any pair of permutations $s,\rho$ of a finite set $E$ (with $\rho$ involutive and without fixpoints) defines a unique cell decomposition of some compact surface without boundary. No further conditions are needed. To illustrate this, we look … Continue reading →

Imagine a cell decomposition $M$ of an oriented compact surface without boundary. Denote by $E$ the set of all oriented edges of $M$. Then for each $e \in E$ there is a unique face $\varphi$ on the left of $e$. … Continue reading →